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  自己需要记住和时常复习的python要点和小技巧
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  <p>不定时更新中,<br>20141007最新更新</p>
<ul>
<li><h3 id="列出100以内被3整除的数更简单的方法"><a href="#列出100以内被3整除的数更简单的方法" class="headerlink" title="列出100以内被3整除的数更简单的方法:"></a>列出100以内被3整除的数更简单的方法:</h3><pre><code>range(3,100,3)    
</code></pre>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><h3 id="删除读取文本文件换行回车的方法"><a href="#删除读取文本文件换行回车的方法" class="headerlink" title="删除读取文本文件换行回车的方法:"></a>删除读取文本文件换行回车的方法:</h3><pre><code>line.strip()
</code></pre>
</li>
<li><h3 id="判断字符串是否是回文的简单方法"><a href="#判断字符串是否是回文的简单方法" class="headerlink" title="判断字符串是否是回文的简单方法:"></a>判断字符串是否是回文的简单方法:</h3><pre><code>def isPalindrome(s):
    return s == s[::-1]
</code></pre>
</li>
<li><h3 id="字符串的一些方法"><a href="#字符串的一些方法" class="headerlink" title="字符串的一些方法:"></a>字符串的一些方法:</h3><ul>
<li>S.upper() #S中的字母大写</li>
<li>S.lower() #S中的字母小写</li>
<li>S.capitalize() #首字母大写</li>
<li>S.title() #每个单词首字母大写</li>
<li>S.count(str,,) #S字符串范围内str字符出现的次数</li>
<li>S.find(str,,) #S字符串范围内第一个str字符的索引</li>
<li>S.istitle() #每个单词首字母是否大写的，且其它为小写，</li>
<li>S.isupper() #S中的字母是否全是大写</li>
<li>S.islower() #S中的字母是否全是小写</li>
<li>S.isalpha() #S中的字符是否只有字母组成</li>
<li>S.isalnum() #S中得字符是否只有字母或者数字组成</li>
<li>S.isdigit() #S中的字符是否只有数字组成</li>
<li>S.lower() #全部小写</li>
<li>S.upper() #全部大写</li>
<li>S.join(S1) #以S为分隔符,将S1中所有元素合并成一个新的字符串</li>
<li>S.strip() #去掉S前后的空格</li>
<li>S.replace(s1,s2) #将S中的s1用s2代替</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><h3 id="在collections模块中有一个Counter类"><a href="#在collections模块中有一个Counter类" class="headerlink" title="在collections模块中有一个Counter类"></a>在collections模块中有一个Counter类</h3><p>   Counter类的目的是用来跟踪值出现的次数。它是一个无序的容器类型，以字典的键值对形式存储，其中元素作为key，其计数作为value。计数值可以是任意的Interger（包括0和负数）。<br>   例如:统计一个字符串中重复字母的在字母表最先出现的字符</p>
</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">from collections import Counter</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">def checkio(text):</span><br><span class="line">    count &#x3D; Counter([x for x in text.lower() if x.isalpha()])</span><br><span class="line">    m &#x3D; max(count.values())</span><br><span class="line">    return sorted([x for (x, y) in count.items() if y &#x3D;&#x3D; m])[0]</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">if __name__ &#x3D;&#x3D; &quot;__main__&quot;:</span><br><span class="line">    print(checkio(&quot;Hello World!&quot;))</span><br><span class="line">    print(checkio(&quot;How do you do?&quot;))</span><br><span class="line">    print(checkio(u&quot;One&quot;))</span><br><span class="line">    print(checkio(u&quot;Oops!&quot;))</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>   counter的方法有增加(updata)和减少(subtract)两种:<br>   比如:</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">count &#x3D; Counter(&#39;which&#39;)</span><br><span class="line">count[&#39;h&#39;]</span><br><span class="line"> #结果显示:2</span><br><span class="line">count.update(&#39;witch&#39;)</span><br><span class="line">count.[&#39;h&#39;] </span><br><span class="line"> #结果显示:3</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li><h3 id="RE"><a href="#RE" class="headerlink" title="RE"></a>RE</h3><h4 id="B-括号"><a href="#B-括号" class="headerlink" title="B(括号)"></a>B(括号)</h4>在正则表达式中有 3 种类型的括号<br>方括号”[“内是需要匹配的字符,花括号”{“内是指定匹配字符的数量。 圆括号“(“ 则是用来分组的。<h4 id="C-插入符号"><a href="#C-插入符号" class="headerlink" title="C(插入符号)"></a>C(插入符号)</h4>插入符号 “^” 表示正则式的开始。<h4 id="D-美元符号"><a href="#D-美元符号" class="headerlink" title="D(美元符号)"></a>D(美元符号)</h4>美元符号“$” 表示正则式的结束。</li>
</ul>
<p>注意:类似(com|net|org)的多选一,用圆括号.</p>
<p>年月日的匹配:<br>yy-mm-dd</p>
<pre><code>&#39;^(1[9][0-9][0-9]|2[0][0-1][0-9]|[0-9][0-9])[\.-]?([1-9]|0[1-9]|1[0-2])[\.-]?([1-9]|0[1-9]|1[0-9]|2[0-9]|3[0-1])$&#39;
</code></pre>
<p>时间的匹配:<br>hh:mm:ss</p>
<pre><code>&#39;^([0-9]|0[0-9]|1[0-9]|2[0-3])[:]([0-9]|0[0-9]|[0-6][0-9])[:]([0-9]|0[0-9]|[0-5][0-9])$&#39;
</code></pre>
<p>ip地址的匹配:</p>
<pre><code> &#39;^(([01]?[0-9][0-9]?|2[0-4][0-9]|2[5][0-5])\.)&#123;3&#125;([01]?[0-9][0-9]?|2[0-4][0-9]|2[5][0-5])$&#39;
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li><h3 id="字母-字符与ASCII数字对应的函数"><a href="#字母-字符与ASCII数字对应的函数" class="headerlink" title="字母 字符与ASCII数字对应的函数:"></a>字母 字符与ASCII数字对应的函数:</h3>  ord（）将字符转换成ascii码数字<br>  chr()将ascii码数字转换为字符<br>  unichr()将ascii码整数返回成unicode字符</li>
<li><h3 id="random-sample-list-n-通常用来产生不重复的n位数字"><a href="#random-sample-list-n-通常用来产生不重复的n位数字" class="headerlink" title="random.sample(list, n)通常用来产生不重复的n位数字"></a>random.sample(list, n)通常用来产生不重复的n位数字</h3><pre><code> print int(&#39;&#39;.join(map(str, random.sample(range(10), 10))))
 #3571490628
</code></pre>
</li>
<li><h3 id="enumerate的用法"><a href="#enumerate的用法" class="headerlink" title="enumerate的用法"></a>enumerate的用法</h3>enumerate会将数组或列表组成一个索引序列。使我们再获取索引和索引内容的时候更加方便：<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">for index，text in enumerate(list)): </span><br><span class="line">    print index ,text</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
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<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/photoswipe@4.1.3/dist/photoswipe-ui-default.min.js"></script>

<script>
    function viewer_init() {
        let pswpElement = document.querySelectorAll('.pswp')[0];
        let $imgArr = document.querySelectorAll(('.article-entry img:not(.reward-img)'))

        $imgArr.forEach(($em, i) => {
            $em.onclick = () => {
                // slider展开状态
                // todo: 这样不好，后面改成状态
                if (document.querySelector('.left-col.show')) return
                let items = []
                $imgArr.forEach(($em2, i2) => {
                    let img = $em2.getAttribute('data-idx', i2)
                    let src = $em2.getAttribute('data-target') || $em2.getAttribute('src')
                    let title = $em2.getAttribute('alt')
                    // 获得原图尺寸
                    const image = new Image()
                    image.src = src
                    items.push({
                        src: src,
                        w: image.width || $em2.width,
                        h: image.height || $em2.height,
                        title: title
                    })
                })
                var gallery = new PhotoSwipe(pswpElement, PhotoSwipeUI_Default, items, {
                    index: parseInt(i)
                });
                gallery.init()
            }
        })
    }
    viewer_init()
</script>

<!-- MathJax -->

<!-- Katex -->

<!-- busuanzi  -->


<script src="/js/busuanzi-2.3.pure.min.js"></script>


<!-- ClickLove -->

<!-- ClickBoom1 -->

<!-- ClickBoom2 -->

<!-- CodeCopy -->


<link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/clipboard.css">

<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/clipboard@2/dist/clipboard.min.js"></script>
<script>
  function wait(callback, seconds) {
    var timelag = null;
    timelag = window.setTimeout(callback, seconds);
  }
  !function (e, t, a) {
    var initCopyCode = function(){
      var copyHtml = '';
      copyHtml += '<button class="btn-copy" data-clipboard-snippet="">';
      copyHtml += '<i class="ri-file-copy-2-line"></i><span>COPY</span>';
      copyHtml += '</button>';
      $(".highlight .code pre").before(copyHtml);
      $(".article pre code").before(copyHtml);
      var clipboard = new ClipboardJS('.btn-copy', {
        target: function(trigger) {
          return trigger.nextElementSibling;
        }
      });
      clipboard.on('success', function(e) {
        let $btn = $(e.trigger);
        $btn.addClass('copied');
        let $icon = $($btn.find('i'));
        $icon.removeClass('ri-file-copy-2-line');
        $icon.addClass('ri-checkbox-circle-line');
        let $span = $($btn.find('span'));
        $span[0].innerText = 'COPIED';
        
        wait(function () { // 等待两秒钟后恢复
          $icon.removeClass('ri-checkbox-circle-line');
          $icon.addClass('ri-file-copy-2-line');
          $span[0].innerText = 'COPY';
        }, 2000);
      });
      clipboard.on('error', function(e) {
        e.clearSelection();
        let $btn = $(e.trigger);
        $btn.addClass('copy-failed');
        let $icon = $($btn.find('i'));
        $icon.removeClass('ri-file-copy-2-line');
        $icon.addClass('ri-time-line');
        let $span = $($btn.find('span'));
        $span[0].innerText = 'COPY FAILED';
        
        wait(function () { // 等待两秒钟后恢复
          $icon.removeClass('ri-time-line');
          $icon.addClass('ri-file-copy-2-line');
          $span[0].innerText = 'COPY';
        }, 2000);
      });
    }
    initCopyCode();
  }(window, document);
</script>


<!-- CanvasBackground -->


    
  </div>
</body>

</html>